Ukuhlukaniswa kokwakhiwa kwesikhunta

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta kubhekisela ekukhiqizeni izingxenye nemikhiqizo ngokwenza nokusebenzisa isikhunta. Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene, ukubunjwa kokucindezela, ukubunjwa komjovo, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubunjwa komjovo, ukubumba okungenalutho, ukubunjwa kwe-die-cast, njll.

(1) Ukucindezela ukubumba

Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-press molding, ingenye yezindlela zakuqala zokwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki. Ukubumba ukucindezela ukufaka ipulasitiki ngqo endaweni evulekile yokubumba enokushisa okuthile, bese uvala isikhunta. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nokucindezela, ipulasitiki iyancibilika futhi ibe yisimo esigelezayo. Ngenxa yemiphumela engokomzimba namakhemikhali, ipulasitiki iqina ibe ingxenye yepulasitiki enomumo nosayizi othile ohlala ungashintshile ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukubumba okucindezelwayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukubumba amapulasitiki e-thermosetting, afana ne-phenolic molding powder, i-urea-formaldehyde ne-melamine formaldehyde molding powder, ingilazi i-fiber reinforced phenolic plastics, i-epoxy resin, i-DAP resin, i-silicone resin, i-polyimide, njll. Ingakwazi futhi ukubumba futhi icubungule. unsaturated polyester mass (DMC), sheet molding compound (SMC), prefabricated monolithic molding compound (BMC), njll. Ngokuvamile, ukucindezelwa kwesikhunta kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: uhlobo lokuchichima, uhlobo olungachichima, kanye nohlobo lokuchichima kancane ngokuya esakhiweni esihambisanayo sesikhunta esingenhla nesingezansi sefilimu yokucindezela.

(2) Ukubumba umjovo

Ipulasitiki iqale yengezwe emgqonyeni wokushisisa womshini womjovo. Ipulasitiki iyashisisa futhi iyancibilika. Iqhutshwa yisikulufu noma i-plunger yomshini womjovo, ingena emgodini wesikhunta ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle kanye nesistimu yokuthela isikhunta. Iqinisiwe futhi yakheke ngenxa yemiphumela yomzimba kanye namakhemikhali ukuze ibe ukubumba komjovo. imikhiqizo. Ukubumba komjovo kuhlanganisa umjikelezo ohlanganisa umjovo, ukubamba ingcindezi (ukupholisa) kanye nezinqubo zokudiliza izingxenye zepulasitiki, ngakho ukubumba komjovo kunezici zomjikelezo. Ukubumba komjovo we-Thermoplastic kunomjikelezo omfushane wokubumba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, nokuguga okuncane esibunjeni ngokuncibilika. Ingakwazi ukubumba izingxenye ezinkulu zepulasitiki ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi, amaphethini acacile angaphezulu kanye nezimpawu, nokunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu; Nokho, ngoba amapulasitiki nge izinguquko ezinkulu odongeni ukushuba, izingxenye, kunzima ukugwema ukubumba amaphutha. I-Anisotropy yezingxenye zepulasitiki nayo ingenye yezinkinga zekhwalithi, futhi zonke izinyathelo ezingase zithathwe ukuze kuncishiswe.

(3) Ukubunjwa kwe-Extrusion

Kuyindlela yokubumba evumela ipulasitiki esesimweni sokugeleza kwe-viscous ukuthi idlule efashini elinomumo othize we-cross-sectional ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ethile, bese liyibumba ibe iphrofayili eqhubekayo enomumo odingekayo we-cross-sectional at a izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yokubunjwa kwe-extrusion ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinto zokubumba, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukupholisa nokubunjwa, ukudonsa nokusika, kanye nokucubungula ngemuva kwemikhiqizo ekhishwe (i-tempering noma ukushisa ukushisa). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba i-extrusion, qaphela ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lesigaba ngasinye sokushisa somgqomo we-extruder kanye ne-die die, isivinini sokuzungeza isikulufu, isivinini sokudonsa kanye neminye imingcele yenqubo ukuze uthole amaphrofayili e-extrusion afanelekayo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekulungiseni izinga lapho ukuncibilika kwe-polymer kukhishwa khona ekufeni. Ngoba lapho izinga le-extrusion lezinto ezincibilikisiwe liphansi, i-extrudate inobuso obushelelezi kanye nesimo esifanayo se-cross-sectional shape; kodwa lapho izinga lokukhishwa kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe lifinyelela umkhawulo othile, ingaphezulu le-extrudate lizoba lukhuni futhi lilahlekelwe ukucwebezela kwalo. , isikhumba sikashaka, imigqa yekhasi lewolintshi, ukuhlanekezela komumo nezinye izinto ezibonakala zisenzeka. Uma izinga lokukhishwa likhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, indawo engaphandle iyahlaneka futhi iphinde ihlukanise futhi ihlephuleke ibe yizicucu ezincibilikayo noma amasilinda. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinga le-extrusion kubalulekile.

(4) Ukubumba umjovo wengcindezi

Le ndlela yokubumba ibizwa nangokuthi ukubunjwa kokudlulisa. Kuwukwengeza izinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki ekamelweni lokuphakela kusengaphambili, bese ufaka ikholomu yokucindezela ekamelweni lokuphakela ukuze ukhiye isikhunta, futhi usebenzise ingcindezi epulasitiki ngokusebenzisa ikholomu yokucindezela. Ipulasitiki iyancibilika ibe yisimo esigelezayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, futhi ingena emgodini wesikhunta ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuthulula. Kancane kancane iqina ibe izingxenye zepulasitiki. Ukubumba komjovo we-pressure kufanelekile kumapulasitiki aphansi kunokuqina. Amapulasitiki angacindezelwa abunjwe ngokwesimiso nawo angabunjwa ngokubunjwa komjovo. Kodwa-ke, impahla yokubumba iyadingeka ukuze ibe noketshezi oluhle esimweni esincibilikisiwe uma ingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokuqina, futhi inenani elikhudlwana lokuqiniswa lapho ingaphezulu kwezinga lokushisa lokuqina.

(5) Ukubumba okungenalutho

Kuwukulungisa i-tubular noma ishidi elingenalutho elenziwe nge-extrusion noma umjovo futhi lisesimweni sepulasitiki ekubunjweni kokubumba, futhi ngokushesha wethule umoya ocindezelwe ukuphoqa okungenalutho ukuba kwandiswe futhi kunamathele odongeni lwesigxobo sesikhunta. Indlela yokucubungula lapho umkhiqizo ongenalutho owufunayo utholwa ngokudilizwa ngemva kokupholisa nokubunjwa. Amapulasitiki afanele ukubunjwa okungenalutho yi-polyethylene ephezulu yokucindezela, i-polyethylene ephansi yokucindezela, i-polyvinyl chloride eqinile, i-polyvinyl chloride ethambile, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-polycarbonate, njll Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokubumba ze-parison, ukubumba okungenalutho kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili: i-extrusion ukubumba igalelo kanye ne-injection blow blowing. Inzuzo ye-extrusion blow molding ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-extruder kanye ne-extrusion blow mold kulula. Okubi ukuthi ukushuba kodonga lwesonto akuhambisani, okungadala kalula ukushuba okungalingani kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Inzuzo ye-injection blow blowing ukuthi ubukhulu bodonga be-parison bufana futhi awekho ama-flash edges. Njengoba i-parison yomjovo inendawo ephansi, ngeke kube khona i-seams ne-seams ngaphansi komkhiqizo ongenalutho, ongewona nje omuhle kodwa futhi unamandla amakhulu. Okubi ukuthi izinto zokubumba nezibunjwa ezisetshenzisiwe ziyabiza, ngakho-ke le ndlela yokubumba isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emincane engenalutho, futhi ayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokubumba i-extrusion blow.

(6) Ukubunjwa kwe-die casting

I-die casting isifinyezo se-pressure cast. Inqubo ye-die-casting iwukwengeza izinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki egumbini lokuphakela elishisiwe, bese usebenzisa ingcindezi kukholamu yokucindezela. Ipulasitiki iyancibilika ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, ingena emgodini ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuthulula lwesikhunta, futhi kancane kancane iqina ibe yisimo. Le ndlela yokubumba ibizwa nge-die-casting. Isikhunta esisetshenzisiwe sibizwa ngokuthi isikhunta se-die-casting. Lolu hlobo lwesikhunta lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubunjweni kwepulasitiki ye-thermosetting.

Ukubumba isikhunta kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nepulasitiki nezinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isikhunta sepulasitiki esiyigwebu, i-glass fibre eqinisiwe isikhunta sepulasitiki esinengcindezi ephansi, njll.

Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta kungahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezihlukene zezinto ezibonakalayo, izimiso ezihlukene ze-deformation, imishini yokubumba ehlukene, ukunemba kokubumba, njll. Ukuqonda izindlela ezihlukene zokwakha kuzokusiza ukuba wenze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu ekukhetheni inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi ugweme ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile okubangelwa ukukhetha okungalungile.